The Why, How and What of UX Research - Part 2
manishSeptember 21, 2014
This is the Part II in the series The Why, How and What of UX Research.
This post will help you get acquainted with the popular UX research methods. Knowing about them will help you choose the right method for the job and make your research more effective.
The User Experience Research Methods can be broadly classified based on the stage of product development:
1. Strategy
At the strategy phase, your focus is on validating your ideas and looking for inspiration to proceed towards a solution. Either that, or you are exploring for new opportunities.
At this stage, you should be looking for a combination of Qualitative and Quantitative research methods.
In-depth User Interviews
In Early stages of your product, there is no substitute for talking to users directly. * Is the problem you are trying to solve even a real problem? Who are the people facing the problem?* Nailing these down are keystones for your project.
Start with Proto-Personas and recruit users who match the personas. As you talk to more users, keep refining the persona.
I would highly recommend a Jobs To Be Done style of interviews with at least 3 People.
Tools:
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Remote Calls: GoogleHangout (Free), Skype (Free)
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Recording: Audacity - Audio only (Free), Camtasia - Audio/Video (Paid), Jing
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Scheduling: AssistantTo
- Tip: Use SoundFlower (Free) to be able to record both sides of the call.*
Update: We tried Google Hangout on Air for the interviews and found it to work quite well for remote interviews. You can do away recording mess too. Read more here.
Contextual Inquiry
When you ask people about something that's not straight out of past experience - that requires analysis and imagination - you'll find that what they say is different from what they would actually do. They don't want to lie to you. They just aren't in the context.
Contextual Inquiry often involves stalking the user (legally, of course) and collecting notes throughout the day. If your product is targeting a team and not a single user, you could be part of the team and get a clearer picture.
Further Reading:
Experience Sampling
Similar to Contextual Inquiry is the Experience Sampling or the Daily method. It involves interrupting the participant multiple times a day, asking them to make note of their observations or answer a questionnaire in real time. Instead of you making inferences, you are relying on the user to make note of his thoughts.
Watch how Google used this method to improve their search experience in Don't Listen to Users, Sample Their Experience
Tools:PACo (Private Beta), MetricWire (Paid), mEMA (Paid), More Tools…
- Tip: If you are relying on questionnaire, remember to keep it short. The more time the participant has to invest, the less participation you'll have.*
Surveys
A survey is a questionnaire on a random sample of your target population. Surveys help you make inferences quantitatively and see patterns on a much larger sample as compared to interviews.
The success of the survey depends largely on how you sample your users and the framing of your questions. Here are a few tips:
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Keep it short.
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Use multiple choice questions. Aim for accuracy not precision.
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Keep questions granular and try not to combine measures.
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If you end up with more questions, cycle questions with different users.
Tools:Wufoo (Freemium), SurveyMonkey (Freemium), TypeForm (Freemium), Google Forms (Free)
2. Optimization
Once you have figured out that the problem you are trying to solve is worth solving, you can start optimizing the granular details of your design. This will help you arrive at an optimal solution and reduce risks of getting it wrong.
Card Sorting / Tree Testing
Card Sorting is process for figuring out the optimal Information Architecture - how users would * expect* to find content or functionality. This knowledge is especially useful if you have a large number of categories and menu items.
This involves your content to be laid out in cards and having your user sort them in order or lay them in hierarchy.
Tools:UsabilityTools, OptimalSort, TreeJack
Further Reading:
Paper Prototyping
Paper Prototyping is one of the cheapest and quickest way to iterate towards an optimal flow and user interface.
You quickly sketch screens of the product on paper and conduct usability testing on them. To simulate the working of the prototype, just keep swapping the paper-screens manually as and when the user interacts with it or you can use the below mentioned tools to create a interactive digital prototype.
Tools:
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Printable Templates you can use for faster prototyping.
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Easily make the paper prototypes interactive using MarvelApp or InvisionApp or Flinto
Further Reading:
3. Assess
At this stage, you've built the solution and your users are already using it. It's now only a matter of verifying your decisions quantitatively and making continuous smaller improvements. That said, you may still have to combine methods from earlier stages to get insights.
Usability Test
Usability Testing is a technique of testing your designs directly on your users. This requires that the user complete a few pre-determined tasks and follow to a think-aloud protocol, while you take note of your observations.
As product-creators you will always know how your product is supposed to work, but your users won't. Usability testing is one of the best methods to escape this Curse of Knowledge.
Most often you'll find your most important usability issues by testing on just 3 users.
Tools:UserTesting, UserZoom, Usabilla, Loop11, Lookback for iOS
Heuristic Evaluation
Heuristic Evaluation differs from Usability Testing in that, the test is done by an usability expert instead of a user.
A/B Testing
Many times you find yourself with alternative solutions and a good way to test them is in comparison. In A/B Testing, you show different versions to different users at random. You then measure their performance through analytics.
Tools:Optimizely, Visual Web Optimizer, Mobile A/B Testing Tools…
5 Second Test
It's all about the first impressions! The test involves showing your design to the participant for only 5 seconds and getting feedback on the salient features. Asking users what they remembered is a good way to confirm if your design is communicating the right message or if the Call-to-Actions are prominent enough.
Tools:UsabilityHub
First Click Testing
From the same train of thought as the 5 second test, the * first click* testing is about getting the actions right the first time.
Given a certain task, will the user know where to click without having to probe through?
Tools:ChalkMark
Further Reading:
Based on what stage you are at and what questions you are trying to answer, choose one or a combinations of these methods to conduct your research.
If you have a question, need help conducting UX research or improve an existing product, I'd love to help. Just choose a time that works for you.